1. Material Characteristics: Predominantly fabricated from glass, such as borosilicate glass, it exhibits outstanding chemical stability, is resistant to the corrosion of the majority of staining reagents, and possesses superior transparency, facilitating the observation of the staining process and effect of the sample.
2. Structural Design: The shapes are typically square or circular, with diverse dimensions. The interior is equipped with a structure for inserting samples. For instance, the concave and convex grooves on both sides of a square cylinder can fix the slides, facilitating full contact between the sample and the staining solution. Meanwhile, it is furnished with a sealing cover to prevent the volatilization of the staining solution and external contamination.
3. Versatile Functions: Applicable to different samples and staining methods, it can satisfy the staining demands of biological tissues, cells, chemical materials, etc. It can also be combined with various dyes and staining processes to achieve diverse staining objectives.
4. Convenient Operation: The design conforms to the operational habits in experiments. It is small in size and easy to handle. The insertion and removal of samples are straightforward, and it is convenient for cleaning, facilitating multiple uses.

Working Environment Conditions:
1. Temperature: The majority of staining reactions are temperature-sensitive, usually within the range of 15 - 35℃. An excessively high temperature leads to rapid dye diffusion but may result in overly deep and uneven staining; conversely, a too-low temperature slows down or even halts the reaction, influencing efficiency and outcome. For example, the optimal temperature for Gram staining is approximately 25℃.
2. Humidity: The ideal humidity ranges from 40% to 60%. Excessive humidity causes samples to absorb water easily, affecting the adhesion and reaction of the staining agent; insufficient humidity leads to the rapid evaporation of the staining solution, altering its concentration and thereby affecting the accuracy of staining.
3. Illumination: Some staining agents are photosensitive. Excessive illumination can cause decomposition and deterioration, influencing the staining process. The working area should be kept dim or equipped with shading devices. When using light-sensitive fluorescent dyes for staining, operations should be carried out in a darkroom or under low light conditions.
4. Ventilation: Most staining agents contain volatile, toxic, and harmful chemical substances. Good ventilation is of paramount importance. Fume hoods or exhaust fans can promptly expel exhaust gases, ensuring the safety of laboratory personnel and preventing the accumulation of gases that could impact the staining reaction.

Precautions:
1. Safety Protection: The majority of staining agents contain toxic, corrosive, or irritant components. When in use, protective clothing, gloves, and goggles should be worn to prevent the staining solution from coming into contact with the skin and eyes. In case of accidental contact, rinse immediately with copious amounts of water and seek medical attention promptly.
2. Usage of Staining Solution: The staining solution should be taken as required to avoid waste and contamination. Different staining solutions have specific storage conditions, such as avoiding light and maintaining low temperatures, which should be strictly adhered to. After use, the container should be tightly capped to prevent evaporation and deterioration. Mixing staining solutions may lead to chemical reactions, affecting the staining outcome. Therefore, operating procedures must be followed.
3. Maintenance of Staining Tanks: Regular cleaning is necessary to remove residual staining solution and impurities to prevent cross-contamination. Appropriate detergents should be used for cleaning to avoid scratching. In case of any damage or cracks in the staining tank, it should be replaced promptly to prevent leakage of the staining solution.
4. Sample Processing: Before placing samples in the staining tank, sample processing must meet the requirements, such as proper fixation and an appropriate slice thickness to ensure uniform staining. The staining time and temperature should be controlled in accordance with standard operating procedures; otherwise, it will affect the accuracy and repeatability of the results.